Polimorfismos dos genes CYP1A2 e ADORA2A e sua influência no desempenho ergogênico da cafeína em universitários
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2024-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Campos, Bárbara Dias
Orientador
Costa, Ana Paula Pimentel
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ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
A cafeína é amplamente consumida, especialmente entre estudantes universitários, devido aos
seus efeitos benéficos, como aumento da atenção e melhora da função cognitiva. Entretanto, há
variações individuais na resposta à cafeína com alguns indivíduos não apresentando os efeitos
positivos mencionados, possivelmente influenciadas por polimorfismos genéticos nos genes
CYP1A2 e ADORA2A. Os SNPs (Polimorfismos de Nucleotídeo Único) são variações comuns
no genoma humano, onde um nucleotídeo é substituído por outro. Na farmacogenética, eles
influenciam o metabolismo e a resposta a substâncias, como medicamentos, permitindo avanços
na genética, saúde pública e personalização de tratamentos médicos. O gene ADORA2A,
codificante dos receptores de adenosina A2A, está relacionado à sensibilidade à cafeína,
classificando os indivíduos como de alta (genótipo TT) ou baixa (genótipos CT ou CC)
sensibilidade. O gene CYP1A2, codificante da enzima citocromo P450 1A2 e responsável pela
metabolização da cafeína, tem sido utilizado para classificar indivíduos como metabolizadores
rápidos (genótipo AA) ou lentos (genótipos AC ou CC). O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar
os polimorfismos do receptor adenosina A2A e do citocromo P450 1A2 em uma população de
estudantes universitários. Foi realizado um estudo transversal, utilizando uma amostra
composta por estudantes participantes do projeto "Sucesso Acadêmico", da UPM. O DNA foi
extraído de células epiteliais bucais. A genotipagem para ADORA2A foi realizada por PCR
alelo-específico (ainda em padronização), enquanto a genotipagem para CYP1A2 foi feita por
PCR-RFLP, identificando três grupos genotípicos: AA (41,7%), AC (51,7%) e CC (6,9%), com
frequências alélicas semelhantes a estudos publicados realizados em outros países. Este estudo
inicial fornece dados fundamentais para futuras pesquisas sobre a relação entre esses
polimorfismos e os efeitos ergogênicos da cafeína, visando a personalização de estratégias de
consumo com base na genética individual.
Caffeine is widely consumed, especially by college students, due to its beneficial effects, such as increased attention and improved cognitive function. However, there are individual variations in the response to caffeine, with some individuals not experiencing the mentioned positive effects, possibly influenced by genetic polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 and ADORA2A genes. SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) are common variations in the human genome, where one nucleotide is replaced by another. In pharmacogenetics, they influence metabolism and the response to substances, such as medications, enabling advances in genetics, public health, and personalized medical treatments. The ADORA2A gene, which codes for adenosine A2A receptors, is related to caffeine sensitivity, classifying individuals as having high (TT genotype) or low (CT or CC genotypes) sensitivity. The CYP1A2 gene, which codes for the enzyme cytochrome P450 1A2 responsible for caffeine metabolism, has been used to classify individuals as fast (AA genotype) or slow (AC or CC genotypes) metabolizers. The aim of this study was to verify the polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 1A2 receptor in a population of college students. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of students from the "Academic Success" project at UPM. DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells. Genotyping for ADORA2A was performed using allele-specific PCR (still in standardization), while genotyping for CYP1A2 was done using PCR-RFLP, identifying three genotypic groups: AA (41.7%), AC (51.7%), and CC (6.9%), with allele frequencies similar to published studies conducted in other countries. This initial study provides fundamental data for future research on the relationship between these polymorphisms and the ergogenic effects of caffeine, aiming for personalized consumption strategies based on individual genetics.
Caffeine is widely consumed, especially by college students, due to its beneficial effects, such as increased attention and improved cognitive function. However, there are individual variations in the response to caffeine, with some individuals not experiencing the mentioned positive effects, possibly influenced by genetic polymorphisms in the CYP1A2 and ADORA2A genes. SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms) are common variations in the human genome, where one nucleotide is replaced by another. In pharmacogenetics, they influence metabolism and the response to substances, such as medications, enabling advances in genetics, public health, and personalized medical treatments. The ADORA2A gene, which codes for adenosine A2A receptors, is related to caffeine sensitivity, classifying individuals as having high (TT genotype) or low (CT or CC genotypes) sensitivity. The CYP1A2 gene, which codes for the enzyme cytochrome P450 1A2 responsible for caffeine metabolism, has been used to classify individuals as fast (AA genotype) or slow (AC or CC genotypes) metabolizers. The aim of this study was to verify the polymorphism of the cytochrome P450 1A2 receptor in a population of college students. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a sample of students from the "Academic Success" project at UPM. DNA was extracted from buccal epithelial cells. Genotyping for ADORA2A was performed using allele-specific PCR (still in standardization), while genotyping for CYP1A2 was done using PCR-RFLP, identifying three genotypic groups: AA (41.7%), AC (51.7%), and CC (6.9%), with allele frequencies similar to published studies conducted in other countries. This initial study provides fundamental data for future research on the relationship between these polymorphisms and the ergogenic effects of caffeine, aiming for personalized consumption strategies based on individual genetics.
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Palavras-chave
Polimorfismo , Cafeína , CYP1A2 ADORA2A , Polymorphism , Caffeine