Reciclabilidade e destinação de resíduos sólidos comuns (grupo d) de unidade de terapia intensiva em hospital de São Paulo
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2024-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Almeida, William Torczynnowski
Orientador
Dall'Occo, Paola Lupianhes
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
Programa
Resumo
A crise climática associada à poluição e à escassez de recursos naturais provocará a
necessidade cada vez maior do desenvolvimento de economias circulares. Os polímeros são
materiais vantajosos para a confecção de embalagens, por apresentarem resistência,
flexibilidade, atoxicidade e capacidade de esterilização, porém o seu descarte de maneira
incorreta pode causar danos ambientais. A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos,
regulamenta o tratamento do lixo e a logística reversa de produtos recicláveis, estimulando a
recuperação de insumos e a redução da geração de rejeitos, diminuindo o impacto ambiental
causado por Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos (RSU). Os Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde (RSS)
são divididos em 5 grupos: resíduos infectantes (grupo A), resíduos químicos (grupo B),
resíduos radioativos (grupo C), resíduos comuns (grupo D) e resíduos perfurocortantes (grupo
E), porém apenas os resíduos do grupo D não apresentam perigo, podendo conter
componentes com reciclabilidade positiva e serem recuperados para reinserção no mercado.
Os objetivos deste estudo foram investigar o potencial de reciclagem das embalagens
resultantes de procedimentos hospitalares em Unidade de Terapia Intensiva durante o
atendimento aos pacientes; discutir os métodos e locais de processamento atuais; analisar
possibilidades de tratamento e destinação mais ecologicamente adequados, com
componentes alternativos para sua confecção. A identificação da composição dos plásticos
foi obtida por meio da análise dos códigos de identificação de polímeros quando presentes,
pela informação direta do fabricante ou pela análise de aspectos físicos como translucidez,
textura e flexibilidade, queima de partes das embalagens plásticas e imersão em fluídos de
diferentes densidades para observação das reações. Dos resultados foram contabilizadas
quantidades significantes de embalagens contendo elementos que diminuem sua
reciclabilidade, como resinas colantes em 27%, ausência de sinalizações em 90% e mistura
de polímeros em 14%, indicadores que apontam a importância de uma mudança nos padrões
da indústria dos plásticos, no design das embalagens e nas tecnologias de recuperação das
recicladoras.
The climate crisis associated with pollution and the scarcity of natural resources will provoke the growning need for the development of circular economies. Polymers are advantageous materials for making packaging, as they have resistance, flexibility, non-toxicity, and sterilization capacity, but their incorrect disposal can cause environmental damage. The National Solid Waste Policy regulates the treatment of garbage and the reverse logistics of recyclable products, stimulating the recovery of inputs and the reduction of waste generation, reducing the environmental impact caused by Urban Solid Waste (MSW). Health Services Waste (HSW) is divided into 5 groups: infectious waste (group A), chemical waste (group B), radioactive waste (group C), common waste (group D), and sharps waste (group E), but only group D waste doesn´t present a hazard, and may contain components with positive recyclability and be recovered for reinsertion into the market. The objectives of this study were to investigate the recycling potential of packaging resulting from hospital procedures in the Intensive Care Unit during patient care; discuss current processing methods and locations; analyze possibilities for more ecologically appropriate treatment and destination, with alternative components for its manufacture. The identification of the composition of the plastics was obtained through the analysis of the identification codes of polymers when present, by direct information from the manufacturer, or by the analysis of physical aspects such as translucency, texture, and flexibility, burning of parts of the plastic packaging and immersion in fluids of different densities to observe the reactions. The results accounted for significant amounts of packaging containing elements that reduce its recyclability, such as adhesive resins at 27%, absence of signage at 90%, and polymer mixture at 14%, indicators that point to the importance of a change in the standards of the plastics industry, in the design of packaging and in the recovery technologies of recyclers.
The climate crisis associated with pollution and the scarcity of natural resources will provoke the growning need for the development of circular economies. Polymers are advantageous materials for making packaging, as they have resistance, flexibility, non-toxicity, and sterilization capacity, but their incorrect disposal can cause environmental damage. The National Solid Waste Policy regulates the treatment of garbage and the reverse logistics of recyclable products, stimulating the recovery of inputs and the reduction of waste generation, reducing the environmental impact caused by Urban Solid Waste (MSW). Health Services Waste (HSW) is divided into 5 groups: infectious waste (group A), chemical waste (group B), radioactive waste (group C), common waste (group D), and sharps waste (group E), but only group D waste doesn´t present a hazard, and may contain components with positive recyclability and be recovered for reinsertion into the market. The objectives of this study were to investigate the recycling potential of packaging resulting from hospital procedures in the Intensive Care Unit during patient care; discuss current processing methods and locations; analyze possibilities for more ecologically appropriate treatment and destination, with alternative components for its manufacture. The identification of the composition of the plastics was obtained through the analysis of the identification codes of polymers when present, by direct information from the manufacturer, or by the analysis of physical aspects such as translucency, texture, and flexibility, burning of parts of the plastic packaging and immersion in fluids of different densities to observe the reactions. The results accounted for significant amounts of packaging containing elements that reduce its recyclability, such as adhesive resins at 27%, absence of signage at 90%, and polymer mixture at 14%, indicators that point to the importance of a change in the standards of the plastics industry, in the design of packaging and in the recovery technologies of recyclers.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Polímeros , Plástico , Resíduos Sólidos Urbanos , Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde , Reciclabilidade , Polymers , Plastic , Urban Solid Waste , Health Services Waste , Recyclability