Considerações sobre a pesquisa ecotoxicológica marinha no Brasil: organismos-teste e substâncias testadas
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2020-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Coelho, Fernanda Duarte Borges
Orientador
Louro, Mônica Ponz
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ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
Com o aumento acelerado do nível de poluentes emitidos pelos seres humanos nas últimas décadas, a poluição marinha se faz cada vez mais presente. Relacionada com o modo com que o desenvolvimento urbano e industrial vem impactando o ambiente marinhos, a Ecotoxicologia Marinha é uma ciência que tem como principal objetivo avaliar o potencial de contaminação dessas substâncias que chegam aos oceanos por meio de despejo de lixo industrial, hospitalar, derramamento de petróleo etc. O presente estudo teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento bibliográfico de pesquisas sobre Ecotoxicologia Marinha no Brasil, a fim de revelar quais são os tipos de organismos-teste mais utilizados nos testes ecotoxicológicos. O trabalho foi realizado por meio de revisão bibliográfica com publicações das últimas duas décadas (2000-2020) de diferentes plataformas. Foram selecionados 30 artigos que envolveram 35 grupos diferentes de animais, sendo os crustáceos anfípodas Leptocheirus plumulosus, Tiburonella viscana, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, Gammarus pulex e Parhyale hawaiensis, os mais utilizados nos bioensaios. Segundo a literatura, os crustáceos apresentam melhor desempenho em bioensaios por exibir alta sensibilidade às substâncias químicas, por sua posição nas cadeias tróficas, por sua disponibilidade no ecossistema e por seu fácil manejo e adaptabilidade em condições laboratoriais. Pôde-se concluir que as informações obtidas por pesquisas em Ecotoxicologia Marinha evidenciam a importância de se conhecer os efeitos nos organismos marinhos expostos a substâncias tóxicas, e estes resultados com certeza serão referências para o gerenciamento ambiental, no que diz respeito às políticas ambientais, fiscalização de despejo de contaminantes em áreas costeiras e preservação de corpos hídricos.
With the accelerated increase in the level of pollutants emitted by humans in recent decades, marine pollution has become increasingly present. Related to the way that urban and industrial development has been impacting the marine environment, Marine Ecotoxicology is a science whose main objective is to assess the potential for contamination of these substances that reach the oceans through the dumping of industrial and hospital waste, spillage oil etc. The present study aimed to carry out a bibliographic survey of research on Marine Ecotoxicology in Brazil, in order to reveal which are the types of test organisms most used in ecotoxicological tests. The work was carried out through a bibliographic review with publications from the last two decades (2000-2020) from different platforms. 30 articles were selected, involving 35 different animal groups, being amphipodal crustaceans Leptocheirus plumulosus, Tiburonella viscana, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, Gammarus pulex and Parhyale hawaiensis the most used in bioassays. According to the literature, crustaceans perform better in bioassays because they exhibit high sensitivity to chemical substances, their position in food chains, their availability in the ecosystem and their easy handling and adaptability to laboratory conditions. It was concluded that the information obtained by research in Marine Ecotoxicology shows the importance of knowing the effects on marine organisms exposed to toxic substances, and these results will certainly be references for environmental management, with regard to environmental policies, inspection dumping contaminants in coastal areas and preserving water bodies.
With the accelerated increase in the level of pollutants emitted by humans in recent decades, marine pollution has become increasingly present. Related to the way that urban and industrial development has been impacting the marine environment, Marine Ecotoxicology is a science whose main objective is to assess the potential for contamination of these substances that reach the oceans through the dumping of industrial and hospital waste, spillage oil etc. The present study aimed to carry out a bibliographic survey of research on Marine Ecotoxicology in Brazil, in order to reveal which are the types of test organisms most used in ecotoxicological tests. The work was carried out through a bibliographic review with publications from the last two decades (2000-2020) from different platforms. 30 articles were selected, involving 35 different animal groups, being amphipodal crustaceans Leptocheirus plumulosus, Tiburonella viscana, Gammarus pseudolimnaeus, Gammarus pulex and Parhyale hawaiensis the most used in bioassays. According to the literature, crustaceans perform better in bioassays because they exhibit high sensitivity to chemical substances, their position in food chains, their availability in the ecosystem and their easy handling and adaptability to laboratory conditions. It was concluded that the information obtained by research in Marine Ecotoxicology shows the importance of knowing the effects on marine organisms exposed to toxic substances, and these results will certainly be references for environmental management, with regard to environmental policies, inspection dumping contaminants in coastal areas and preserving water bodies.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
ecotoxicologia marinha , toxicidade , contaminação , organismos-teste , anfípodas , Marine Ecotoxicology , toxicity , contamination , test organisms , amphipods