Estado da arte sobre a descoberta dos primeiros pterossauros no Brasil por Arthur Smith Woodward e Joseph Mawson
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Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2024-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Ribeiro, Araken Luiz Sinopoli
Orientador
Stefano, Waldir
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Resumo
Os pterossauros são revisitados neste trabalho, eles foram répteis alados que viveram no
Mesozoico e os primeiros vertebrados a desenvolverem voo verdadeiro. Em 1784, Collini
descreveu o primeiro fóssil de pterossauro. Entretanto, em 1801, Cuvier corrigiu a
interpretação inicial, classificando-o como um réptil voador e cunhando o termo
"pterodáctilo".
Arthur Smith Woodward (1864-1944), paleontólogo britânico, contribuiu para o estudo de
hominídeos, de fósseis de peixes e tetrápodes, com descobertas no Brasil, incluindo um papel
na descrição dos primeiros pterossauros descobertos no Hemisfério Sul. Sua carreira foi
marcada pelo escândalo do Homem de Piltdown, uma fraude paleontológica que deixou sua
reputação prejudicada.
O também britânico Joseph Mawson (1829/30-1927) colaborou em diversos achados fósseis
em território brasileiro, na Bahia. Paleontólogo amador, trabalhava nas ferrovias da Bahia e
pôde realizar vários achados próximo aos trilhos de trem.
Alguns destes achados foram atribuídos a ossos de pterossauros por Arthur Smith Woodward,
embora posteriormente alguns desses fósseis tenham sido identificados como pertencentes a
celacantídeos, incluindo o do gigante Mawsonia gigas.
Posteriormente, críticas foram levantadas à credibilidade de Woodward, o que gerou
desconfiança sobre alguns de seus trabalhos e descrições, especialmente após o caso da fraude
de Piltdown. Apesar das controvérsias, o trabalho conjunto destes pesquisadores serviu como
base para várias descrições subsequentes, além da importância deles para os estudos da fauna
fóssil brasileira.
Mesmo assim, Woodward e Mawson ainda são creditados pelo primeiro achado de
pterossauros no Brasil.
A partir disso, neste trabalho busca-se ter um panorama geral sobre o tema, considerando os
principais acontecimentos e publicações sobre o tema, além da visão e consideração de
pesquisadores sobre os personagens envolvidos e o assunto em questão.
The pterosaurs, flying reptiles that lived during the Mesozoic era and were the first vertebrates to develop true flight, are revisited in this work. The first pterosaur fossil was described in 1784 by Collini, and in 1801, Cuvier corrected the initial interpretation, classifying it as a flying reptile and coining the term "pterodactyl." Arthur Smith Woodward (1864-1944), a British paleontologist, contributed to the study of hominids, fish fossils, and tetrapods, with discoveries in Brazil. He played a role in the description of the first pterosaurs discovered in the Southern Hemisphere. His career was marked by the Piltdown Man scandal, a paleontological hoax that damaged his reputation. The also British Joseph Mawson (1829/30-1927) collaborated on several fossil finds in Brazilian territory, in Bahia. An amateur paleontologist working on the Bahian railways, he made several discoveries near the railroad tracks. Some of these finds were attributed to pterosaur bones by Arthur Smith Woodward, although later some of these fossils were identified as belonging to coelacanths, including the giant Mawsonia gigas. Subsequently, criticism was raised regarding Woodward’s credibility, leading to doubts about some of his work and descriptions, especially after the Piltdown hoax. Despite the controversies, the joint work of these researchers laid the foundation for several subsequent descriptions, in addition to their importance for the study of Brazilian fossil fauna. Nevertheless, Woodward and Mawson are still credited with the first discovery of pterosaurs in Brazil. From this, this work seeks to provide an overall overview of the subject, considering the main events and publications on the topic, as well as the views and considerations of researchers about the individuals involved and the subject at hand.
The pterosaurs, flying reptiles that lived during the Mesozoic era and were the first vertebrates to develop true flight, are revisited in this work. The first pterosaur fossil was described in 1784 by Collini, and in 1801, Cuvier corrected the initial interpretation, classifying it as a flying reptile and coining the term "pterodactyl." Arthur Smith Woodward (1864-1944), a British paleontologist, contributed to the study of hominids, fish fossils, and tetrapods, with discoveries in Brazil. He played a role in the description of the first pterosaurs discovered in the Southern Hemisphere. His career was marked by the Piltdown Man scandal, a paleontological hoax that damaged his reputation. The also British Joseph Mawson (1829/30-1927) collaborated on several fossil finds in Brazilian territory, in Bahia. An amateur paleontologist working on the Bahian railways, he made several discoveries near the railroad tracks. Some of these finds were attributed to pterosaur bones by Arthur Smith Woodward, although later some of these fossils were identified as belonging to coelacanths, including the giant Mawsonia gigas. Subsequently, criticism was raised regarding Woodward’s credibility, leading to doubts about some of his work and descriptions, especially after the Piltdown hoax. Despite the controversies, the joint work of these researchers laid the foundation for several subsequent descriptions, in addition to their importance for the study of Brazilian fossil fauna. Nevertheless, Woodward and Mawson are still credited with the first discovery of pterosaurs in Brazil. From this, this work seeks to provide an overall overview of the subject, considering the main events and publications on the topic, as well as the views and considerations of researchers about the individuals involved and the subject at hand.
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Palavras-chave
Arthur Smith Woodward , Fósseis Brasileiros , Joseph Mawson , Pterossauros , Brazilian Fossils , Pterosaurs