Fatores de risco para o espalhamento do poliovírus: análise das associações entre determinantes socioeconômicas e a incidência de poliomielite nos últimos 15 anos
Carregando...
Tipo
TCC
Data de publicação
2023-12
Periódico
Citações (Scopus)
Autores
Viégas, Amanda Marise
Orientador
Ramos, Camila Sacchelli
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Membros da banca
Programa
Resumo
A poliomielite é uma doença infectocontagiosa causada por um vírus que tem transmissão fecal-oral e tropismo pelo sistema nervoso motor, o que explica o possível quadro de paralisia associado à doença aguda nos pacientes sintomáticos. Tanto a vacina oral (VPO - Sabin) como a inativada (VPI - Salk) são empregadas globalmente como principal estratégia de prevenção da doença e foram responsáveis pela erradicação na maioria dos países. No entanto, a OMS alerta para a recorrência de surtos de poliomielite provocados por infecções com variantes das cepas vacinais (VDPV) em alguns países. Com o objetivo de investigar a influência de fatores socioeconômicos e da cobertura vacinal nos surtos atuais de poliomielite, este trabalho avaliou a relação entre a cobertura vacinal completa, o PIB per capita, o IDH e a porcentagem da população com acesso à água potável e à rede sanitária com os casos globais de poliomielite nos últimos 13 anos. Os países que apresentaram a maior incidência cumulativa no período foram Paquistão, Afeganistão e Nigéria, sendo neste último observado apenas casos associados às cepas variadas do vírus vacinal (VDPV). Além das previsíveis associações entre os fatores sociais e econômicos investigados, verificou-se que a baixa cobertura vacinal é a principal responsável pelo recente aumento de casos da doença. A análise por regressão prevê que o aumento de 1% na cobertura vacinal resultaria em uma redução de 0,444 nos casos. Até que a transmissão seja interrompida nos países com surtos, todos os países com baixa cobertura vacinal permanecem com o risco de apresentar novos casos. Sendo assim, nossos resultados reforçam a relevância e a necessidade de ampliação e manutenção das campanhas de vacinação para poliomielite em nível global.
Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease caused by a virus with fecal-oral transmission and a tropism for the motor nervous system, which explains the potential paralysis associated with the acute phase of the disease in symptomatic patients. Both the oral vaccine (OPV - Sabin) and the inactivated vaccine (IPV - Salk) are globally employed as the primary prevention strategy for the disease and have been responsible for its eradication in most countries. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) warns of the recurrence of poliomyelitis outbreaks caused by infections with variants of vaccine strains (VDPV) in some countries. In order to investigate the influence of socioeconomic factors and vaccine coverage on current poliomyelitis outbreaks, this study evaluated the relationship between complete vaccine coverage, per capita GDP, Human Development Index (HDI), and the percentage of the population with access to clean water and sanitary facilities with global cases of poliomyelitis over the last 13 years. The countries with the highest cumulative incidence during this period were Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria, with the latter only showing cases associated with various strains of the vaccine-derived virus (VDPV). In addition to the expected associations between the investigated social and economic factors, it was found that low vaccine coverage is the main factor responsible for the recent increase in cases of the disease. Regression analysis predicts that a 1% increase in vaccine coverage would result in a 0.444 reduction in cases. Until transmission is interrupted in countries with outbreaks, all countries with low vaccine coverage remain at risk of new cases. Therefore, our results emphasize the importance and necessity of expanding and maintaining poliomyelitis vaccination campaigns globally.
Poliomyelitis is an infectious disease caused by a virus with fecal-oral transmission and a tropism for the motor nervous system, which explains the potential paralysis associated with the acute phase of the disease in symptomatic patients. Both the oral vaccine (OPV - Sabin) and the inactivated vaccine (IPV - Salk) are globally employed as the primary prevention strategy for the disease and have been responsible for its eradication in most countries. However, the World Health Organization (WHO) warns of the recurrence of poliomyelitis outbreaks caused by infections with variants of vaccine strains (VDPV) in some countries. In order to investigate the influence of socioeconomic factors and vaccine coverage on current poliomyelitis outbreaks, this study evaluated the relationship between complete vaccine coverage, per capita GDP, Human Development Index (HDI), and the percentage of the population with access to clean water and sanitary facilities with global cases of poliomyelitis over the last 13 years. The countries with the highest cumulative incidence during this period were Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nigeria, with the latter only showing cases associated with various strains of the vaccine-derived virus (VDPV). In addition to the expected associations between the investigated social and economic factors, it was found that low vaccine coverage is the main factor responsible for the recent increase in cases of the disease. Regression analysis predicts that a 1% increase in vaccine coverage would result in a 0.444 reduction in cases. Until transmission is interrupted in countries with outbreaks, all countries with low vaccine coverage remain at risk of new cases. Therefore, our results emphasize the importance and necessity of expanding and maintaining poliomyelitis vaccination campaigns globally.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
poliomelite , cobertura vacinal , epidemiologia , determinantes socioeconômicas , polio , vaccination coverage , epidemiology , socioeconomic determinan