Estudo comparativo de propriedades mecânicas e textura de laminados da liga de alumínio 3104-H19.

Abstract

The beverage metal packaging industry figures as one of the most important worldwide aluminum consumer. A detailed knowledge of the raw material used in the beverage can body production is essential to maintain and improve the productivity levels imposed by the market. It is on this point that the present work focus, in the micro structural and mechanical characterization of three different AA 3104-H19 rolled coils, to be able to compare them in search of similarities and discrepancies. Their chemical compositions were analyzed by energy dispersion (EDS), and atomic absorption (AA) spectrometry, their micro structures were identified by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Their mechanical properties were described by tensile tests, Erichsen tests, forming limit curves (FLC), micro hardness Vickers tests, and surface roughness tests (Ra). The anisotropy coefficient R, also known as Lankford´s R, and the strain hardening exponent n were calculated using the results and specimens of the tensile tests. In addition, their crystallographic textures were analyzed by orientation distribution functions and pole figures. The experiment s results showed a strong similarity among all three rolled sheets, their properties differing only subtly. On average the yield strength of all three was found to be 265 MPa, their ultimate tensile strength 285 MPa. Elongation was very similar for all three, around 4.7%. The strain hardening exponent n averaged 0.078, a value comparable to some found in literature. The normal (R) and planar (UR) anisotropy values were found to be 0.77 and 0.22, respectively, indicating a slight tendency to form ears at 45o and good deep drawing formability. The microstructure analysis of all three sheets revealed two kinds of intermetallic compounds with distinct morphology, Al6(Fe,Mn) and Al12(Fe,Mn)3Si, not scattered homogeneously, together with well distributed dispersoids in the aluminum matrix. The crystallographic texture of the three sheets also exhibited similarities; all had the same dominant components with comparable intensities. On all three it was possible to notice that the typical strain hardening textures, Brass {110}<112> and Copper {112}<111>, together with Goss {110}<001>, were balanced by the Cube {001}<100> component, typical of recrystallization. The notable differences found could be summarized in slightly higher mechanical properties for one of the sheets and smaller and less widespread intermetallic compounds for another.